A sustainable mobility strategy should be based on three pillars of propulsion solutions to help achieve the CO2 targets of the Paris Climate Agreement by 2050: battery electric drives, hydrogen in both fuel cells and combustion engines, as well as e-fuels.

However, current demands in connection with the upcoming EU7 standards call into question the immediate future of the internal combustion engine as early as 2025. At the same time, the general commitment to electromobility is sending clear signals of technological change, and the availability of BEVs has increased significantly in recent years. Battery production costs and real-world ranges have also been significantly improved.